[There is no DUTY to fight wars for the empire!]
America’s Perpetual War
Who are the Beneficiaries of American wars?
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Introduction
Former American President Jimmy Carter said in 2018 that in America, there were 226 years of wars since its independence which took place 242 years ago thus leaving only 16 years of peace.
Since WWII, there were 32 American military conflicts involving dozens of countries. Some of these military conflicts have lasted for over twenty years and some others are still continuing.
In other words, the U.S. is a country of perpetual war. War is terribly destructive human activity. Millions of human beings have been sacrificed. Tens of trillions of dollars worth of housing, school, factories, hospitals and other infrastructure facilities have been destroyed in the countries which have been the target of American military attacks.
The perpetual war has destroyed the very foundation of freedom and democracy; it has prevented healthy and equitable economic development of the world; it has led to the violation of human rights; it has ruined traditional values of many countries and, above all, it has caused lasting human suffering.
America’s multi-trillion dollar perpetual war has denied and deprived millions of Americans of decent income, adequate housing, needed foods, necessary health care, safety on the street, reliable infrastructure facilities, essential education and other goods and services needed for descent living.
Before I go any further, I would like to quote the historical statement of President Dwight Eisenhower.
“Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies in the final sense a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money alone, it is spending the sweat of its labourers, the genius of its scientists, the hope of children. (President Dwight Eisenhower address to the North American Society of News editors, April 16, 1953)
In this paper, I am asking the following six questions:
- How many wars has the U.S. undertaken since WWII?
- How are the American wars organized?
- What is the purpose of the American wars?
- Who are the beneficiaries of the American wars?
- What are the negative impacts of the American wars?
- Will the American wars continue?
How many wars has the U.S. undertaken since WWII?
There are undoubtedly several ways of defining war. In this paper, I define war in terms of American military interventions. Defined thus, I have counted 32 wars undertaken by the U.S. since WWII.
I have classified these wars in terms of the following categories:
- invasion (23 cases),
- “civil war” (7 cases), and
- multi-target war (2),
which gives 32 wars that took place since the WWII, in the course of the so-called “post war era”.
There are reasons to believe that there are still many undeclared military interventions conducted by war contractors and Special Operation Forces units spread in 1,000 bases in 191 countries. The following shows the list of American wars.
Invasions,
- Korean War (1950-1953),
- Vietnam War (1955-1975);
- Cuban,Bay of Pigs (1961),
- Lebanon (1982-1984),
- Grenada (1983),
- Libya bombing (1984),
- Tanker War-Persian Gulf (1984-1987),
- Panama (1989-1990),
- Gulf War (1989-1991),
- Iraq War (1991-1993),
- Bosnia War (1992-1995),
- Haiti (1994-1999),
- Kosovo (1998-1999),
- Afghanistan (2001-2021),
- Yemen (2002-present),
- Iraq (2003-2011),
- Pakistan (2004-2018),
- Somalia (2007-present)
- Libya (2011),
- Niger (2013-present)
- Iraq (2014-2021),
- Syria (2014-present),
- Libya (2015-2019).
- [Ukraine, yet to be categorized]
Civil Wars:
Indo-China (1959-1975),
Indonesia (1958-1961)
Lebanon (1958),
Dominican Republic (1968-1966),
Korea DMZ (1966-1969),
Cambodia (1967-1975)
Somalia (1991-present).
Multi-target wars:
Operation Ocean Shield: location, Indian- Ocean (2008-2016), Operation Observant Compass: location, Uganda and Central Africa (2011-20
How are the American Wars Organized?
To understand the nature and the implication of the perpetual war in the U.S., it is necessary to introduce the concept of American Pro-War Community (APWC).
In literature and media, we use the notion of military-industrial complex (MIC) to describe the vast system of perpetual U.S. wars. But, actually, the system of perpetual war involves many more individuals and organizations than in the MIC.
The APWC is a tightly knit community promoting its interests at the expense of the wellbeing of ordinary Americans and the interests of the people of the target countries. It is so well organized and so well rooted and so powerful that it is quasi impossible to dissolve it.
The AWPC’s core group comprises the war corporations and the federal government led by the Pentagon, the Congress, the Senate and other government agencies.
There are two supporting groups comprising all sorts of institutions and organizations.
There is the group supporting the supply of war goods and services.
Then, there is the group supporting the creation of demand for war goods and services.
The efficiency of the whole system of producing and selling war goods and services depends on how the core group and the supporting groups can work in harmony together to attain the objectives of wars, namely, the maximization of profit and the intra-APWC sharing of the profit.
Supply of War Goods and Services
The supply of war goods and services is assured by war corporations which produce weapons, building contractors which build all sorts of buildings and manage them, catering services companies that provide foods and drinks for the GIs, information firms which offer information needed for wars and even the academics that offers ideas and technologies.
In the U.S. 40 major war corporations have annual sales of almost $ 600 billion.
The following table shows the importance of the five leading war corporations in U.S.
Table 1. Five major War Corporations: Annual Sales ($ billion) 2022 and Growth (recent years: %)

Note: LM (Lockheed Martin), NG (Northrop Grumman); GD (General Dynamics) Source
The combined annual sale of the five leading firms in 2022 was as much as $ 241.8 billion of which $183.3 billon was for the sale of military goods and services, or 75.8% of the total sale.
The supply of war goods and services relies on the extensive production chain involving foreign and domestic providers of raw materials and intermediary products. In addition, the academics and information firms offer information, technology and other services needed for the production of weapons.
The following is a list of the well known universities which are deeply involved in American wars. Each one of these universities produces, for the war industry, a variety of war products and services.
In this paper, for each academic institution, just one typical product or service is mentioned.
No less than 70% of university research projects are funded by the Pentagon:
- The Boston College helps the Air Force
- The University of Massachusetts Lowell develops mono-technology for the Army.
- Tufts University improves of soldiers cognitive and physical performance
- MIT is producing so many war goods ns services that it is known as a “war corporation.”
- Columbia University and Brown University develops, for DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Project Agency), the neural engineering system
- Princeton University produces hardware for design and verification of open-source integrated circuit
- Dartmouth University sells machine learning
- Pennsylvania University develops artificial intelligence.
- Stanford University develops technology for chemical warfare and so many other war goods and service that it is considered to be in partnership with war corporations
- Harvard University develops educational materials for the war and it is the main source providing human resources to the war industries. By the way, it produced the napalm bomb widely used in the Korean War, Vietnamese War and other wars
- John Hopkins University makes tools needed for the evaluation of alternative offensive capability needed for battles in air sea, cyberspace
The sad story is that American universities depend on war money so much that they are losing their original mission.
Christian Sorensen (Understanding the War Industry, Clarity Press 2022) has something to say about this problem. He seems to think that universities are neglecting their original mission of producing and diffusing truth.
“But its intricate ties to the War Department show the university’s true colour carrying more about government funding than the nobility of academia.” (Sorenson: p.221)
By the way, I have found many useful information, data and ideas in Sorensen’s book, which is surely a significant addition to the critical literature of perpetual wars.
The information-technology corporations are also actively participating in the American wars. In fact, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google provide, for the military, clout computing which facilitates the reduction of human and material cost of wars.
Demand for War Products and Services
What distinguishes the war economy from the peace economy is the amazing fact that the supply generates the demand.
In the American war economy, the final demand for war goods and services is determined by the Pentagon (the Department of Defence) and some foreign countries.
However, the Pentagon does not have all the information needed to estimate the demand for war so that it relies on the information provided by the war corporations.
Therefore, the war corporations which are supplier of war goods and services have the amazing role of determining the demand.
In this way, in the market of war goods and services, the supply determines the demand.
This is the root of perpetual nature of American wars and the making of profit going to the APWC.
Now, to have war, one has to have enemies. But, the war corporations do not have the research capacity to find real enemies or produce fabricated enemies. The role of finding or fabricating enemies goes to the think tanks which are lavishly funded by the war corporations.
When the think tanks find or manufacture enemies, new wars or the continuation of old wars are justified.
Now, on the other hand, the pressure groups put pressure on law makers and policy makers to recognize the identities of enemies produced by the think tanks; this is done through lobbying (bribes giving).
As for the media, they have the role of preparing the mind and the souls of Americans to accept the monstrous defence budget without being aware of the destructive consequences of the perpetual wars.
It goes without saying that both the pressure groups and the media are funded by the war corporations.
The demand for war goods and services created by these pro-war individuals and organizations is translated into the annual defence budget of the U.S amounting, in 2023, to as much as $886 billion.
Imagine this. Washington’s 2023 defence budget is 50% of South Korea’s 2023 GDP of $1.8 trillion. The American defence budget is 40 % of the global defence budget of $ 2.2 trillion.
The big five: Lockheed Martin, Raytheon Technologies, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics gets as much as $150 billion out of the defence budget.







